Germanski paganizam

Emil Deplerov prikaz druge merzeburške vražbine, 1905.[1] U vražbini bogovi iz kontinentalne nemačke mitologije leče konja.

Germanski paganizam se odnosi na etničku religiju koju su praktikovali germanski narodi od gvozdenog doba do hrišćanizacije tokom srednjeg veka.[2] To je bio esencijalni element rane germanske kulture. Iz arheoloških ostataka i književnih izvora, moguće je pratiti niz zajedničkih ili blisko povezanih verovanja među germanskim narodima u srednjem veku, kada su poslednja paganska područja u Skandinaviji pokrštena. Ukorenjena u praindoevropsku religiju, pragermanska religija se proširila tokom migracionog perioda, donoseći proširenja kao što je staronordijska religija među severnogermanskim narodima, poganstvo praktikovalo među kontinentalnim germanskim narodima i anglosaksonsko poganstvo među govornicima staroengleskog jezika.[3] Germanska religija najbolje je dokumentovana u nekoliko tekstova iz 10. i 11. veka, koji su najbolje sačuvani u Skandinaviji i Islandu.

Reference

  1. ^ Kvideland, Reimund; Sehmsdorf, Henning K., ур. (2010). Scandinavian Folk Belief and Legend. University of Minnesota Press. ISBN 9780816619672. 
  2. ^ Shaw, Philip A. (2011). Pagan Goddesses in the Early Germanic World: Eostre, Hreda and the Cult of Matrons. Translated by Anthony R. Birley. London: Bristol Classical Press. ISBN 978-0-71563-797-5. 
  3. ^ Alexander, Marc (2013). Sutton Companion to British Folklore, Myths & Legends. Stroud: The History Press. ISBN 978-0-7509-5427-3. 

Literatura

  • Artz, Frederick B. (1980). The Mind of the Middle Ages: An Historical Survey, A.D. 200–1500. Chicago and London: University of Chicago Press. ISBN 978-0-22602-840-8. 
  • Axboe, Morten (2005). „Guld og Guder”. Ур.: Capelle, Torsten; Fischer, Christian; Axboe, Morten; Museum, Silkeborg; Karen M. Boe. Ragnarok: Odins Verden [Ragnarok: Odin's World] (на језику: Danish). Silkeborg: Silkeborg Museum Publishing. OCLC 68385544. CS1 одржавање: Непрепознат језик (веза)
  • Bauer, Susan Wise (2010). The History of the Medieval World: From the Conversion of Constantine to the First Crusade. New York: W. W. Norton & Company. ISBN 978-0-393-05975-5. 
  • Beare, W. (1964). „Tacitus on the Germans”. Greece & Rome. Cambridge University Press on behalf of The Classical Association. 11 (1): 64—76. JSTOR 642633. doi:10.1017/S0017383500012675. 
  • Brown, Peter (2006). The Rise of Western Christendom: Triumph and Diversity, A.D. 200–1000. Malden, MA: Blackwell Publishing. ISBN 978-0-69116-177-8. 
  • Burns, Thomas (2003). Rome and the Barbarians, 100 B.C.—A.D. 400. Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins University Press. ISBN 978-0-8018-7306-5. 
  • Caesar, Julius (2017). „Gallic War”. Ур.: Raaflaub, Kurt A. The Landmark Julius Caesar—The Complete Works: Gallic War, Civil War, Alexandrian War, African War, and Spanish War. Translated by Kurt A. Raaflaub. New York: Pantheon Books. ISBN 978-0-30737-786-9. 
  • Cameron, Averil (1997). „Cult and Worship in East and West”. Ур.: Webster, Leslie; Brown, Michelle. The Transformation of the Roman World, AD 400–900. London: British Museum Press. ISBN 978-0-7141-0585-7. 
  • Chisholm, Hugh, ур. (1911). The Encyclopædia Britannica: A Dictionary of Arts, Sciences, Literature and General Information. 22. New York: Encyclopædia Britannica Inc. 
  • Davidson, H.R. Ellis (1965). Gods and Myths of Northern Europe. New York: Penguin. ISBN 978-0-14013-627-2. 
  • Dowden, Ken (1999). European Paganism. New York; London: Routledge. ISBN 978-0-41512-034-0. 
  • Drinkwater, John F. (2007). Nordic Religions in the Viking Age. Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-929568-5. 
  • DuBois, Thomas (1999). Nordic Religions in the Viking Age. Philadelphia, PA: University of Pennsylvania Press. ISBN 978-0-81221-714-8. 
  • Eliade, Mircea (1984). A History of Religious Ideas: From Gautama Buddha to the Triumph of Christianity. Vol. 2. Chicago and London: University of Chicago Press. ISBN 978-0-226-20403-1. 
  • Ewing, Thor (2010). Gods and Worshippers in the Viking and Germanic World. Stroud: Tempus. ISBN 978-0-75243-590-9. 
  • Fletcher, Richard (1997). The Barbarian Conversion: From Paganism to Christianity. New York: Henry Holt. ISBN 978-0-8050-2763-1. 
  • Forbes, Bruce David (2007). Christmas: A Candid History. Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press. ISBN 978-0520251045. 
  • Frassetto, Michael (2003). Encyclopedia of Barbarian Europe: Society in Transformation. Santa Barbara, CA: ABC-CLIO. ISBN 978-1-57607-263-9. 
  • Geary, Patrick J. (2002). The Myth of Nations: The Medieval Origins of Europe. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press. ISBN 978-0-69109-054-2. 
  • Ghosh, Shami (2015). Writing the Barbarian Past: Studies in Early Medieval Historical Narrative. Leiden: Brill. ISBN 978-9-00430-522-9. 
  • Green, D.H. (1998). Language and History in the Early Germanic World. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. OCLC 468327031. 
  • Heather, Peter (2005). The Fall of the Roman Empire: A New History of Rome and the Barbarians. Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19515-954-7. 
  • Heather, Peter (2012). Empires and Barbarians: The Fall of Rome and the Birth of Europe. Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-989226-6. 
  • Heide, Eldar; Bek-Pedersen, Karen (2014). „Why a New Focus on Retrospective Methods?”. Ур.: Heide, Eldar; Karen Bek-Pedersen. New Focus on Retrospective Methods: Resuming Methodological Discussions. Case studies from Northern Europe. Helsinki: Suomalainen Tidedeakatemia. ISBN 978-9-51411-093-1. 
  • Ilkjær, Jørgen (2000). Illerup Ådal, et arkæologisk tryllespejl [Illerup Ådal: An Archaeological Mirror] (на језику: Danish). Højbjerg: Moesgård Museum. ISBN 978-87-87334-40-2. CS1 одржавање: Непрепознат језик (веза)
  • James, Edward (2014). Europe's Barbarians, AD 200–600. London and New York: Routledge. ISBN 978-0-58277-296-0. 
  • Jolly, Karen Louise (1996). Popular Religion in Late Saxon England: Elf-Charms in Context. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press. ISBN 978-0-80784-565-3. 
  • Jones, Gwyn (1984). A History of the VikingsНеопходна слободна регистрација. Oxford; New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-2158826. 
  • Jones, Prudence; Pennick, Nigel (1995). A History of Pagan Europe. New York: Barnes & Noble. ISBN 978-0-76071-210-8. 
  • Kendrick, T.D. (2013) [1930]. A History of the Vikings. New York: Fall River Press. ISBN 978-1-43514-641-9. 
  • Kofoed, Aase; Warming, Morten (1989). Old var Årle: Nordens Gamle Religioner [Old was Årle: The Old Religions of the North] (на језику: Danish). Copenhagen: Gjellerup & Gad. ISBN 978-87-13-03545-8. CS1 одржавање: Непрепознат језик (веза)
  • Lee, Alvin A. (1997). „Symbolism and Allegory”. Ур.: Robert E. Bjork; John D. Niles. A Beowulf Handbook. Lincoln, NE: University of Nebraska Press. ISBN 978-0-80326-150-1. 
  • Letcher, Andy (2014). „Paganism and the British Folk Revival”. Ур.: Weston, Donna; Bennett, Andy. Pop Pagans: Paganism and Popular Music. New York: Routledge. ISBN 978-1-84465-646-2. 
  • Lund, Allan A. (2002). Mumificerede moselig [Mummified in the Bog] (на језику: Danish). Copenhagen: Høst. ISBN 978-8-71429-674-2. CS1 одржавање: Непрепознат језик (веза)
  • Manco, Jean (2013). Ancestral Journeys: The Peopling of Europe from the First Venturers to the Vikings. New York: Thames & Hudson. ISBN 978-0-500-05178-8. 
  • McKitterick, Rosamond (2008). Charlemagne: The Formation of a European Identity. New York: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-71645-1. 
  • Persch, Alexandra (2005). „På glatis med ikonografi!: Blodoffer, drikkelag og frække sange?”. Ур.: Capelle, Torsten; Fischer, Christian; Axboe, Morten; Museum, Silkeborg; Karen M. Boe. Ragnarok: Odins Verden [Ragnarok: Odin's World] (на језику: Danish). Silkeborg: Silkeborg Museum Publishing. OCLC 68385544. CS1 одржавање: Непрепознат језик (веза)
  • Pohl, Walter (1997). „The Barbarian Successor States”. Ур.: Webster, Leslie; Brown, Michelle. The Transformation of the Roman World, AD 400–900. London: British Museum Press. ISBN 978-0-7141-0585-7. 
  • Santosuo, Antonio (2004). Barbarians, Marauders, and Infidels: The Ways of Medieval Warfare. New York: MJF Books. ISBN 978-1-56731-891-3. 
  • Scholz, Bernard-Walter (1972). Carolingian Chronicles: Royal Frankish Annals and Nithard's Histories. Ann Arbor, MI: University of Michigan Press. ISBN 978-0472061860. 
  • Schwarcz, Andreas (1999). „Cult and Religion Among the Tervingi and the Visigoths and their Conversion to Christianity”. Ур.: Heather, Peter. The Visigoths from the Migration Period to the Seventh Century: A Ethnographic Perspective. Suffolk: Boydell Press. ISBN 978-0851157627. 
  • Stoklund, Marie (1994). „Myter, runer og tolkning”. Ур.: Jens Peter Schjodt. Myte og ritual i det førkristne Nordenn: et symposium [Myth and Ritual in Pre-Christian Scandinavia: A Symposium] (на језику: Danish). Odense: Odense Universitetsforlag. ISBN 978-8-77838-053-1. CS1 одржавање: Непрепознат језик (веза)
  • Tacitus (2009). Agricola and Germany. Translated by Anthony R. Birley. New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19953-926-0. 
  • Thrane, Henrik (2005). „Romerske og germanske småfigurer”. Ур.: Capelle, Torsten; Fischer, Christian; Axboe, Morten; Museum, Silkeborg; Karen M. Boe. Ragnarok: Odins Verden [Ragnarok: Odin's World] (на језику: Danish). Silkeborg: Silkeborg Museum Publishing. OCLC 68385544. CS1 одржавање: Непрепознат језик (веза)
  • Todd, Malcolm (2004). The Early Germans. Oxford: Blackwell. ISBN 978-0-63119-904-5. 
  • van der Sanden, Wijnand; Stuyts, Ingelise (1996). Udødeliggjorte i mosen historierne om de nordvesteuropæiske moselig [Immortalized in the Bog: Stories of the Northwest European Bogs] (на језику: Danish). Amsterdam: Batavian Lion International. ISBN 978-9-06707-414-8. CS1 одржавање: Непрепознат језик (веза)
  • Vaughan-Sterling, Judith A. (1983). „The Anglo-Saxon "Metrical Charms": Poetry as Ritual”. The Journal of English and Germanic Philology. 82 (2): 186—200. JSTOR 27709147. 
  • Waldman, Carl; Mason, Catherine (2006). Encyclopedia of European Peoples. New York: Facts on File. ISBN 978-0816049646. 
  • Wallace-Hadrill, J. M. (2004). The Barbarian West, 400–1000. Malden, MA: Wiley-Blackwell. ISBN 978-0-63120-292-9. 
  • Williams, Derek (1998). Romans and Barbarians. New York: St. Martin's Press. ISBN 978-0-312-19958-6. 
  • Wilson, Derek (2005). Charlemagne: A Biography. New York: Vintage Books. ISBN 978-0-307-27480-9. 
  • Winroth, Anders (2012). The Conversion of Scandinavia. New Haven and London: Yale University Press. ISBN 978-0-30017-026-9. 
  • Grimm, Jacob (2004), Teutonic Mythology, Превод: Stallybrass, James S., Dover Publications 
  • Buchholz, Peter (1968), „Perspectives for Historical Research in Germanic Religion”, History of Religions, University of Chicago Press, 8 (2): 111—138, doi:10.1086/462579 
  • North, Richard (1991), Pagan words and Christian meanings, Rodopi, ISBN 978-90-5183-305-8 

Spoljašnje veze

Germanski paganizam na Vikimedijinoj ostavi.
  • Theozoologie oder die Kunde von den Sodoms-Äfflingen und dem Götter-Elektron, Archive 
  • p
  • r
  • u
Božanstva, heroji
i druge figure
Esirci
Esirke
  • Ejra
  • Vara
  • Vera
  • Gerda
  • Gefena
  • Gna
  • Iduna
  • Ilma
  • Irpa
  • Lofna
  • Nana
  • Njoruna
  • Rana
  • Saga
  • Siguna
  • Sifa
  • Skadi
  • Snotra
  • Sola
  • Sefna
  • Torgerd Helgabruda
  • Freja
  • Friga
  • Fula
  • Hlina
Drugi
Torov čekić Valknut
Mesta
Događaji
Izvori
Društvo
Ostalo
Normativna kontrola: Državne Уреди на Википодацима
  • Češka