James D. Watson

James Watson

ForMemRS KBE
James Watson
Kelahiran
James Dewey Watson

(1928-04-06) 6 April 1928 (umur 96)[1]
Chicago, Illinois, Amerika Syarikat
WarganegaraAmerika Syarikat
Pusat pendidikan
  • University of Chicago (B.S., 1947)
  • Indiana University (Ph.D., 1950)
Terkenal kerana
  • Struktur DNA
  • Biologi molekular
PasanganElizabeth Watson (née Lewis) (k. 1968)
Anugerah
  • Albert Lasker Award for Basic Medical Research (1960)
  • Hadiah Nobel (1962)
  • John J. Carty Award (1971)
  • ForMemRS (1981)[2]
  • EMBO Membership (1985)[3]
  • Pingat Copley (1993)[2][4]
  • Pingat Emas Lomonosov (1994)
Kerjaya saintifik
BidangGenetik
Institusi
  • Indiana University
  • Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory
  • Laboratory of Molecular Biology
  • Harvard University
  • University of Cambridge
  • National Institutes of Health
TesisThe Biological Properties of X-Ray Inactivated Bacteriophage (1951)
Penasihat kedoktoranSalvador Luria
Pelajar kedoktoran
  • Mario Capecchi[5]
  • Bob Horvitz
  • Peter B. Moore
  • Joan Steitz[6]
Pelajar lain yang terkenal
  • Ewan Birney[7]
  • Ronald W. Davis (postdoc)
  • Phillip Allen Sharp (postdoc)
  • Richard J. Roberts (postdoc)[8]
  • John Tooze (postdoc)[9][10]
Tandatangan


James Dewey Watson (lahir 6 April 1928) ialah seorang ahli biologi molekuler, genetik dan zoologi dari Amerika Syarikat yang terbaik dikenali sebagai salah satu penemu bersama struktur DNA pada tahun 1953 dengan Francis Crick dan Rosalind Franklin. Watson, Crick, dan Maurice Wilkins telah dianugerai Hadiah Nobel dalam Fisiologi atau Perubatan "untuk penemuan mereka berkaitan dengan struktur molekul asid nukleik dan kepentingannya terhadap pemindahan maklumat dalam bahan hidup".

Beliau turut terlibat mengasas Projek Genom Manusia bersama Institut-Institut Kesihatan Negara Amerika Syarikat antara tahun 1988 hingga 1992.

Anugerah dan kehormatan

Watson telah memenangi banyak anugerah termasuk:

  • Albert Lasker Award for Basic Medical Research, 1960[11]
  • Benjamin Franklin Medal for Distinguished Achievement in the Sciences (2001)[12]
  • Charles A. Dana Award, 1994
  • Copley Medal of the Royal Society, 1993[2]
  • CSHL Double Helix Medal Honoree, 2008
  • Eli Lilly Award in Biological Chemistry, 1960
  • EMBO Membership in 1985[3]
  • Fellow of the New York Academy of Sciences
  • Gairdner Foundation International Award, 2002
  • Heald Award
  • Honorary Fellow, the Hastings Center, an independent bioethics research institution[13]
  • Honorary Knight Commander of the Order of the British Empire (KBE), 2002[14]
  • Hope Funds for Cancer Research: James D. Watson Award of Excellence for Scientific Achievement (2014)
  • Irish America Hall of Fame, inducted March 2011[15]
  • John Collins Warren Prize of the Massachusetts General Hospital
  • John J. Carty Award in molecular biology from the National Academy of Sciences[16]
  • Kaul Foundation Award for Excellence
  • Pingat Liberty, 2000[17]
  • Pingat Emas Lomonosov, 1994
  • Lotos Club Medal of Merit, 2004
  • Mendel Medal, 2008
  • National Biotechnology Venture Award
  • National Medal of Science, 1997[18]
  • New York Academy of Medicine Award, 1999
  • Hadiah Nobel dalam Fisiologi atau Perubatan, 1962[19]
  • Pingat Emas Othmer (2005)[20][21]
  • Pingat Kebebasan Presiden, 1977[22]
  • Research Corporation Prize
  • Pingat Alumni Universiti Chicago 1998[23]
  • Hadiah Kolej Universiti London 2000
  • University Medal at SUNY Stony Brook

Ijazah kehormat yang diterima

  • DSc, University of Chicago, A.S, 1961
  • DSc, Indiana University, A.S, 1963
  • LLD, University of Notre Dame, A.S, 1965
  • DSc, Long Island University (CW Post), A.S, 1970
  • DSc, Adelphi University, A.S, 1972
  • DSc, Brandeis University, A.S, 1973
  • DSc, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, A.S, 1974
  • DSc, Hofstra University, A.S, 1976
  • DSc, Harvard University, A.S, 1978
  • DSc, Rockefeller University, A.S, 1980
  • DSc, Clarkson College of Technology, A.S, 1981
  • DSc, SUNY at Farmingdale, A.S, 1983
  • MD, Buenos Aires, Argentina, 1986
  • DSc, Rutgers University, A.S, 1988
  • DSc, Bard College, A.S, 1991
  • DSc, University of Stellenbosch, Afrika Selatan, 1993
  • DSc, Fairfield University, A.S, 1993
  • DSc, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom, 1993
  • DrHC, Charles University in Prague, Republik Czech, 1998
  • ScD, University of Dublin, Ireland, 2001[24]

Rujukan

  1. ^ Templat:Who's Who (langganan diperlukan)
  2. ^ a b c Ralat petik: Tag <ref> tidak sah; tiada teks disediakan bagi rujukan yang bernama formemrs
  3. ^ a b Anon (1985). "James Watson EMBO profile". people.embo.org. Heidelberg: European Molecular Biology Organization.
  4. ^ "Copley Medal". Royal Society website. The Royal Society. Dicapai pada April 19, 2013.
  5. ^ Capecchi, Mario (1967). On the Mechanism of Suppression and Polypeptide Chain Initiation (Tesis). Harvard University.
  6. ^ Steitz, J (2011). "Joan Steitz: RNA is a many-splendored thing. Interview by Caitlin Sedwick". The Journal of Cell Biology. 192 (5): 708–9. doi:10.1083/jcb.1925pi. PMC 3051824. PMID 21383073.
  7. ^ Hopkin, Karen (June 2005). "Bring Me Your Genomes: The Ewan Birney Story". The Scientist. 19 (11): 60.
  8. ^ Anon (1993). "Richard J. Roberts - Biographical". nobelprize.org. Diarkibkan daripada yang asal pada 4 Mac 2016. Dicapai pada 28 February 2016.
  9. ^ Ferry, Georgina (2014). EMBO in perspective: a half-century in the life sciences (PDF). Heidelberg: European Molecular Biology Organization. m/s. 145. ISBN 978-3-00-046271-9. OCLC 892947326. Diarkibkan daripada yang asal (PDF) pada August 24, 2016.
  10. ^ Ferry, Georgina (2014). "History: Fifty years of EMBO". Nature. London. 511 (7508): 150–151. doi:10.1038/511150a.
  11. ^ The Lasker Foundation.1960 Winners Diarkibkan Julai 21, 2009, di Wayback Machine. Retrieved on November 4, 2007.
  12. ^ "Benjamin Franklin Medal for Distinguished Achievement in the Sciences Recipients". American Philosophical Society. Dicapai pada November 27, 2011.
  13. ^ The Hastings Center Hastings Center Fellows. Accessed November 6, 2010
  14. ^ Nobility News: Honorary Knights 2007
  15. ^ O'Dowd, Niall. "He Helped Map the Structure of DNA. Up Next is a Cure For Cancer", Irish America magazine, March 10, 2011. Accessed March 22, 2011. "James Watson helped unravel the structure of DNA, a feat so stunning that it is considered the greatest scientific achievement of the 20th century. "
  16. ^ "John J. Carty Award for the Advancement of Science". National Academy of Sciences. Diarkibkan daripada yang asal pada December 29, 2010. Dicapai pada February 15, 2011. Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (bantuan)
  17. ^ National Constitution Center.2000 Liberty Medal Recipients. Retrieved on November 4, 2007.
  18. ^ The National Science Foundation.The President's National Medal of Science: Recipient Details. February 14, 2006. Retrieved on November 4, 2007.
  19. ^ Ralat petik: Tag <ref> tidak sah; tiada teks disediakan bagi rujukan yang bernama The Nobel Foundation
  20. ^ "Othmer Gold Medal". Science History Institute. Dicapai pada 22 March 2018.
  21. ^ "James D. Watson to receive 2005 Othmer Gold Medal". Psych Central. February 23, 2005. Diarkibkan daripada yang asal pada February 6, 2015. Dicapai pada June 12, 2014. Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (bantuan)
  22. ^ Presidential Medal of Freedom, 2007. Retrieved on November 4, 2007.
  23. ^ Ralat petik: Tag <ref> tidak sah; tiada teks disediakan bagi rujukan yang bernama chicago medal
  24. ^ "University of Dublin, Trinity College".

Bacaan lanjut

  • Chadarevian, S. (2002) Designs For Life: Molecular Biology After World War II. Cambridge University Press ISBN 0-521-57078-60-521-57078-6
  • Chargaff, E. (1978) Heraclitean Fire. New York: Rockefeller Press.
  • Chomet, S., ed., (1994) D.N.A.: Genesis of a Discovery London: Newman-Hemisphere Press.
  • Collins, Francis. (2004) Coming to Peace With Science: Bridging the Worlds Between Faith and Biology. InterVarsity Press. ISBN 978-0-8308-2742-8978-0-8308-2742-8
  • Collins, Francis. (2007) The Language of God: A Scientist Presents Evidence for Belief Free Press. ISBN 978-1-4165-4274-2978-1-4165-4274-2
  • Crick, F. H. C. (1988) What Mad Pursuit: A Personal View of Scientific Discovery (Basic Books reprint edition, 1990) ISBN 0-465-09138-50-465-09138-5
  • John Finch; 'A Nobel Fellow On Every Floor', Medical Research Council 2008, 381 pp, ISBN 978-1-84046-940-0978-1-84046-940-0; this book is all about the MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge.
  • Friedberg, E.C.; "Sydney Brenner: A Biography", CSHL Press October 2010, ISBN 0-87969-947-70-87969-947-7.
  • Friedburg, E. C. (2005) "The Writing Life of James D. Watson". "Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press" ISBN 0-87969-700-80-87969-700-8
  • Hunter, G. (2004) Light Is A Messenger: the life and science of William Lawrence Bragg. Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-852921-X0-19-852921-X
  • Inglis, J., Sambrook, J. & Witkowski, J. A. (eds.) Inspiring Science: Jim Watson and the Age of DNA. Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press. 2003. ISBN 978-0-87969-698-6978-0-87969-698-6.
  • Judson, H. F. (1996). The Eighth Day of Creation: Makers of the Revolution in Biology, Expanded edition. Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press. ISBN 0-87969-478-50-87969-478-5
  • Maddox, B. (2003). Rosalind Franklin: The Dark Lady of DNA. Harper Perennial. ISBN 0-06-098508-90-06-098508-9
  • McEleheny, Victor K. (2003) Watson and DNA: Making a scientific revolution, Perseus. ISBN 0-7382-0341-60-7382-0341-6
  • Robert Olby; 1974 The Path to The Double Helix: Discovery of DNA. London: MacMillan. ISBN 0-486-68117-30-486-68117-3; Definitive DNA textbook, with foreword by Francis Crick, revised in 1994 with a 9-page postscript.
  • Robert Olby; (2003) "Quiet debut for the double helix" Nature 421 (January 23): 402-405.
  • Robert Olby; "Francis Crick: Hunter of Life's Secrets", Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press, ISBN 978-0-87969-798-3978-0-87969-798-3, August 2009.
  • Ridley, M. (2006) Francis Crick: Discoverer of the Genetic Code (Eminent Lives) New York: Harper Collins. ISBN 0-06-082333-X0-06-082333-X.
  • James D. Watson, "The Annotated and Illustrated Double Helix, edited by Alexander Gann and Jan Witkowski" (2012) Simon & Schuster, ISBN 978-1-4767-1549-0978-1-4767-1549-0.
  • Wilkins, M. (2003) The Third Man of the Double Helix: The Autobiography of Maurice Wilkins. Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-860665-60-19-860665-6.
  • The History of the University of Cambridge: Volume 4 (1870 to 1990), Cambridge University Press, 1992.

Pautan luar

  • James D. Watson Collection at the Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Library
  • DNA – The Double Helix Game from Nobelprize.org
  • MSN Encarta biography( Diarkibkan 2009-10-28 di Wayback Machine 2009-10-31)
  • DNA Interactive – This site from the Dolan DNA Learning Center (part of CSHL) commemorates the discovery of the structure of DNA and includes dozens of animations, as well as interviews with James Watson and others.
  • DNA from the Beginning – another DNA Learning Center site on the basics of DNA, genes, and heredity, from Mendel to the Human Genome Project.
  • Penampilan jamesdwatson di C-SPANC-SPAN
  • James D. Watson di Charlie RoseCharlie Rose
  • James D. Watson di TEDTEDJames D. Watson di TED
  • James D. Watson di Pangkalan Data Filem Internet (IMDb)
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