Jacques-Nicolas Billaud-Varenne

Presiden Komite Keamanan Masyarakat ke-3Masa jabatan
31 Juli 1794 – 1 September 1794
Sebelum
Pendahulu
Maximilien Robespierre
Pengganti
Merlin de Douai
Presiden Konvensi Nasional ke-27Masa jabatan
5 September 1793 – 19 September 1793Anggota Konvensi NasionalMasa jabatan
7 September 1792 – 26 Oktober 1795Daerah pemilihanSeineAnggota Komite Keamanan MasyarakatMasa jabatan
6 September 1793 – 1 September 1794 Informasi pribadiLahir
Jacques Nicolas Billaud

(1756-04-23)23 April 1756
La Rochelle, Kerajaan PrancisMeninggal3 Juni 1819(1819-06-03) (umur 63)
Port-au-Prince, HaitiKebangsaanPrancisPartai politikLa MontagneSuami/istriAnne-Angélique DoyeAlma materUniversitas PoitiersPekerjaanPengacara, politikusJulukan"Sang Harimau"
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Bantuan penggunaan templat ini

Jacques-Nicolas Billaud-Varenne (23 April 1756 – 3 Juni 1819), juga dikenal sebagai Jean Nicolas, adalah seorang tokoh Prancis dari zaman Revolusi Prancis. Meskipun bukan salah satu tokoh terkenal dari Revolusi Prancis, Jacques Nicolas Billaud-Varenne adalah figur penting dari masa yang dikenal sebagai Pemerintahan Teror.

Karya

  • "Despotisme des ministres de France, combattu par les droits de la Nation, par les loix fondamentales, par les ordonnances…" (dalam bahasa Prancis).  ("Despotism of the ministers of France, combatted by the rights of the Nation, by the fundamental laws, by the ordinances…"), Paris, 1789.
  • Mémoires écrits au Port-au-Prince en 1818, contenant la relation de ses voyages et aventures dans le Mexique, depuis 1815 jusqu'en 1817. ("Memoirs written in Port-au-Prince in 1818, containing the relation of his voyages and adventures in Mexico, from 1815 to 1817"), Paris, 1821 [probably forgeries].
  • Billaud Varenne membre du comité de salut public : Mémoires inédits et Correspondance. Accompagnés de notices biographiques sur Billaud Varenne et Collot d'Herbois ("Billaud Varenne, member of the Committee of Public Safety: Unpublished memoirs and correspondence. Accompanied by biographical notes on Billaud Varenne and Collot d'Herbois"), Paris, Librairie de la Nouvelle Revue, 1893 (edited by Alfred Begis).

Referensi

Atribusi
  •  Artikel ini menyertakan teks dari suatu terbitan yang sekarang berada pada ranah publik: Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Billaud-Varenne, Jacques Nicolas". Encyclopædia Britannica. 3 (edisi ke-11). Cambridge University Press. hlm. 933–934.  In turn, it gives the following references:
    • Billaud-Varenne's autobiographical sketch of his youth, Tableau du prémier age, composed in 1786 - published in 1888 in the review La Révolution française.
    • François Victor Alphonse Aulard, Les Orateurs de la législative et de la convention (2nd ed., 1906).

Sumber

  • Arthur Conte, Billaud Varenne: Géant de la Révolution, Paris, Editions Orban, 1989
  • Jacques Guilaine, Billaud-Varenne: l'ascète de la Révolution (1756–1819), Paris, Fayard, 1969
  • Auguste Kuscinski: Dictionnaire des conventionnels, Paris, Société de l'Histoire de la Révolution française, F. Rieder, 1916 <New edition: Brueil-en-Vexin, Editions du Vexin français, 1973>
  • Robert R. Palmer, Twelve Who Ruled: The Year of the Terror in the French Revolution, Princeton, Princeton University Press, 1941 <New edition: Princeton Classic Editions, 2005. – ISBN 0-691-12187-7>
  • Schama, Simon. Citizens: A Chronicle of the French Revolution (New York: Vintage Books, 1989), 809, 840.
  • Levitine, George. Culture and Revolution: Cultural Ramifications of the French Revolution (College Park, Maryland: Department of Art History, 1989), 70-79.
  • Tom Malone: "Billaud-Varenne - Anwalt des Terrors". BOD, Hamburg 2014, ISBN 978-3-7347-3899-9.
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Peristiwa sipil dan politik yang signifikan menurut tahun
1788
  • Day of the Tiles (7 Jun 1788)
  • Assembly of Vizille (21 Jul 1788)
1789
  • What Is the Third Estate? (Jan 1789)
  • Réveillon riots (28 Apr 1789)
  • Convocation of the Estates-General (5 May 1789)
  • Death of the Dauphin (4 June 1789)
  • National Assembly (17 Jun – 9 Jul 1790)
  • Tennis Court Oath (20 Jun 1789)
  • National Constituent Assembly (9 Jul – 30 Sep 1791)
  • Storming of the Bastille (14 Jul 1789)
  • Great Fear (20 Jul – 5 Aug 1789)
  • Abolition of Feudalism (4-11 Aug 1789)
  • Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen (27 Aug 1789)
  • Women's March on Versailles (5 Oct 1789)
1790
  • Abolition of the Parlements (Feb–Jul 1790)
  • Abolition of the Nobility (19 Jun 1790)
  • Civil Constitution of the Clergy (12 Jul 1790)
  • Fête de la Fédération (14 Jul 1790)
1791
  • Flight to Varennes (20–21 Jun 1791)
  • Champ de Mars Massacre (17 Jul 1791)
  • Declaration of Pillnitz (27 Aug 1791)
  • The Constitution of 1791 (3 Sep 1791)
  • Legislative Assembly (1 Oct 1791 – Sep 1792)
1792
  • France declares war (20 Apr 1792)
  • Brunswick Manifesto (25 Jul 1792)
  • Paris Commune becomes insurrectionary (Jun 1792)
  • 10th of August (10 Aug 1792)
  • September Massacres (Sep 1792)
  • National Convention (20 Sep 1792 – 26 Oct 1795)
  • First republic declared (22 Sep 1792)
1793
  • Execution of Louis XVI (21 Jan 1793)
  • Revolutionary Tribunal (9 Mar 1793 – 31 May 1795)
  • Reign of Terror (27 Jun 1793 – 27 Jul 1794)
    • Committee of Public Safety
    • Committee of General Security
  • Fall of the Girondists (2 Jun 1793)
  • Assassination of Marat (13 Jul 1793)
  • Levée en masse (23 Aug 1793)
  • The Death of Marat (painting)
  • Law of Suspects (17 Sep 1793)
  • Marie Antoinette is guillotined (16 Oct 1793)
  • Anti-clerical laws (throughout the year)
1794
  • Danton and Desmoulins guillotined (5 Apr 1794)
  • Law of 22 Prairial (10 Jun 1794)
  • Thermidorian Reaction (27 Jul 1794)
  • Robespierre guillotined (28 Jul 1794)
  • White Terror (Fall 1794)
  • Closing of the Jacobin Club (11 Nov 1794)
1795
  • Constitution of the Year III (22 Aug 1795)
  • Conspiracy of the Equals (Nov 1795)
  • Directoire (1795–99)
    • Council of Five Hundred
    • Council of Ancients
  • 13 Vendémiaire 5 Oct 1795
1797
  • Coup of 18 Fructidor (4 Sep 1797)
  • Second Congress of Rastatt (Dec 1797)
1799
  • Coup of 30 Prairial VII (18 Jun 1799)
  • Coup of 18 Brumaire (9 Nov 1799)
  • Constitution of the Year VIII (24 Dec 1799)
  • Consulate
Operasi militer revolusioner
1792
  • Verdun
  • Thionville
  • Valmy
  • Royalist Revolts
    • Chouannerie
    • Vendée
    • Dauphiné
  • Lille
  • Siege of Mainz
  • Jemappes
  • Namur [fr]
1793
  • First Coalition
  • War in the Vendée
  • Battle of Neerwinden)
  • Battle of Famars (23 May 1793)
  • Expédition de Sardaigne (21 Dec 1792 - 25 May 1793)
  • Battle of Kaiserslautern
  • Siege of Mainz
  • Battle of Wattignies
  • Battle of Hondschoote
  • Siege of Bellegarde
  • Battle of Peyrestortes (Pyrenees)
  • Siege of Toulon (18 Sep – 18 Dec 1793)
  • First Battle of Wissembourg (13 Oct 1793)
  • Battle of Truillas (Pyrenees)
  • Second Battle of Wissembourg (26–27 Dec 1793)
1794
  • Battle of Villers-en-Cauchies (24 Apr 1794)
  • Battle of Boulou (Pyrenees) (30 Apr – 1 May 1794)
  • Battle of Tourcoing (18 May 1794)
  • Battle of Tournay (22 May 1794)
  • Battle of Fleurus (26 Jun 1794)
  • Chouannerie
  • Battle of Aldenhoven (2 Oct 1794)
1795
  • Peace of Basel
1796
  • Battle of Lonato (3–4 Aug 1796)
  • Battle of Castiglione (5 Aug 1796)
  • Battle of Theiningen
  • Battle of Neresheim (11 Aug 1796)
  • Battle of Amberg (24 Aug 1796)
  • Battle of Würzburg (3 Sep 1796)
  • Battle of Rovereto (4 Sep 1796)
  • First Battle of Bassano (8 Sep 1796)
  • Battle of Emmendingen (19 Oct 1796)
  • Battle of Schliengen (26 Oct 1796)
  • Second Battle of Bassano (6 Nov 1796)
  • Battle of Calliano (6–7 Nov 1796)
  • Battle of the Bridge of Arcole (15–17 Nov 1796)
  • The Ireland Expedition (Dec 1796)
1797
  • Naval Engagement off Brittany (13 Jan 1797)
  • Battle of Rivoli (14–15 Jan 1797)
  • Battle of the Bay of Cádiz (25 Jan 1797)
  • Treaty of Leoben (17 Apr 1797)
  • Battle of Neuwied (18 Apr 1797)
  • Treaty of Campo Formio (17 Oct 1797)
1798
  • French invasion of Switzerland (28 January – 17 May 1798)
  • French Invasion of Egypt (1798–1801)
  • Irish Rebellion of 1798 (23 May – 23 Sep 1798)
  • Quasi-War (1798–1800)
  • Peasants' War (12 Oct – 5 Dec 1798)
1799
  • Second Coalition (1798–1802)
  • Siege of Acre (20 Mar – 21 May 1799)
  • Battle of Ostrach (20–21 Mar 1799)
  • Battle of Stockach (25 Mar 1799)
  • Battle of Magnano (5 Apr 1799)
  • Battle of Cassano (27 Apr 1799)
  • First Battle of Zurich (4–7 Jun 1799)
  • Battle of Trebbia (19 Jun 1799)
  • Battle of Novi (15 Aug 1799)
  • Second Battle of Zurich (25–26 Sep 1799)
1800
  • Battle of Marengo (14 Jun 1800)
  • Convention of Alessandria (15 Jun 1800)
  • Battle of Hohenlinden (3 Dec 1800)
  • League of Armed Neutrality (1800–02)
1801
  • Treaty of Lunéville (9 Feb 1801)
  • Treaty of Florence (18 Mar 1801)
  • Algeciras Campaign (8 Jul 1801)
1802
  • Treaty of Amiens (25 Mar 1802)
Pemimpin militer
Prancis Angkatan Darat
Prancis
Prancis French Navy
  • Charles-Alexandre Linois
Opposition
Kekaisaran Austria Austria
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Pengawasan otoritas Sunting ini di Wikidata
Umum
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Perpustakaan nasional
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  • The ICCU id IEIV037299 is not valid.
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Lain-lain
  • Faceted Application of Subject Terminology
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  • SUDOC (Prancis)
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