Pentamethylcyclopentadienyl rhodium dichloride dimer

Pentamethylcyclopentadienyl rhodium dichloride dimer
Cp(star)RhCl2 dimer-2
Cp(star)RhCl2 dimer-powder
Names
IUPAC name
Di-μ-chloro-bis[chloro(pentamethylcyclopentadienyl)rhodium(III)]
Other names
Dichloro(pentamethylcyclopentadienyl)rhodium(III)
Identifiers
CAS Number
  • 12354-85-7  checkY
3D model (JSmol)
  • Interactive image
ChemSpider
  • 26583494
PubChem CID
  • 16212157
InChI
  • InChI=1S/2C10H15.4ClH.2Rh/c2*1-6-7(2)9(4)10(5)8(6)3;;;;;;/h2*1-5H3;4*1H;;/q;;;;;;2*+2/p-4
    Key: QNIVKTTWBMFSBR-UHFFFAOYSA-J
  • c1(C)=c(C)c(C)=c(C)c1(C)[Rh](Cl)(Cl1)Cl[Rh](Cl)1C1(C)C(C)=C(C)C(C)=C1C
Properties
Chemical formula
 C20H30Cl4Rh2
Molar mass 618.07 g·mol−1
Appearance red solid
Solubility in water
 dichloromethane, chloroform
Hazards
GHS labelling:
Pictograms
 GHS07: Exclamation markGHS08: Health hazard
Danger
Hazard statements
 H302, H312, H315, H319, H332, H334, H335
Precautionary statements
 P261, P264, P270, P271, P280, P285, P301+P312, P302+P352, P304+P312, P304+P340, P304+P341, P305+P351+P338, P312, P321, P322, P330, P332+P313, P337+P313, P342+P311, P362, P363, P403+P233, P405, P501
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
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Infobox references
Chemical compound

Pentamethylcyclopentadienyl rhodium dichloride dimer is an organometallic compound with the formula [(C5(CH3)5RhCl2)]2, commonly abbreviated [Cp*RhCl2]2 This dark red air-stable diamagnetic solid is a reagent in organometallic chemistry.[1]

Structure and preparation

The compound has idealized C2h symmetry. Each metal centre is pseudo-octahedral.


The compound is prepared by the reaction of rhodium trichloride trihydrate and pentamethylcyclopentadiene in hot methanol, from which the product precipitates:[1]

2 C5(CH3)5H + 2 RhCl3(H2O)3 → [(C5(CH3)5)RhCl2]2 + 2 HCl + 6 H2O

It was first prepared by the reaction of hydrated rhodium trichloride with hexamethyl Dewar benzene[2]

Synthesis of [Cp*RhCl2]2 using hexamethyl Dewar benzene.

This complex was first prepared from hexamethyl Dewar benzene and RhCl3(H2O)3.[3][4][5] The hydrohalic acid necessary for the ring-contraction rearrangement is generated in situ in methanolic solutions of the rhodium salt, and the second step has been carried out separately, confirming this mechanistic description.[6] The reaction occurs with the formation of 1,1-dimethoxyethane, CH3CH(OCH3)2, and hexamethylbenzene is produced by a side reaction.[5][6]

This rhodium(III) dimer can be reduced with zinc in the presence of CO to produce the rhodium(I) complex [Cp*Rh(CO)2].[7]

Reactions

Reductive carbonylation gives [Cp*Rh(CO)2].[8]

The Rh-μ-Cl bonds are labile and cleave en route to a variety of adducts of the general formula Cp*RhCl2L. Treatment with silver ions in polar coordinating solvents causes precipitation of silver(I) chloride, leaving a solution containing dications of the form [Cp*RhL3]2+ (L = H2O, MeCN).

The chemistry is similar to that of the analog pentamethylcyclopentadienyl iridium dichloride dimer.

Further reading (early literature)

  • Kang, Jung W.; Mosley, K.; Maitlis, Peter M. (1968). "Mechanisms of Reactions of Dewar Hexamethylbenzene with Rhodium and Iridium Chlorides". Chem. Commun. (21): 1304–1305. doi:10.1039/C19680001304.
  • Kang, Jung W.; Maitlis, Peter M. (1968). "Conversion of Dewar Hexamethylbenzene to Pentamethylcyclopentadienylrhodium(III) Chloride". J. Am. Chem. Soc. 90 (12): 3259–3261. doi:10.1021/ja01014a063.
  • Criegee, Rudolf; Grüner, H. (1968). "Acid-catalyzed Rearrangements of Hexamethyl-prismane and Hexamethyl-Dewar-benzene". Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 7 (6): 467–468. doi:10.1002/anie.196804672.
  • Kang, Jung W.; Moseley, K.; Maitlis, Peter M. (1969). "Pentamethylcyclopentadienylrhodium and -iridium halides. I. Synthesis and properties". J. Am. Chem. Soc. 91 (22): 5970–5977. doi:10.1021/ja01050a008.
  • Herrmann, Wolfgang A.; Zybill, Christian (1996). "Bis{(μ-chloro)[chloro(η-pentamethylcyclopentadienyl)rhodium]} — {Rh(μ-Cl)Cl[η-C5(CH3)5]}2". In Herrmann, Wolfgang A.; Salzer, Albrecht (eds.). Synthetic Methods of Organometallic and Inorganic Chemistry – Volume 1: Literature, Laboratory Techniques, and Common Starting Materials. Georg Thieme Verlag. pp. 148–149. ISBN 9783131791610.
  • Heck, Richard F. (1974). "Reactions of Dienes Trienes and Tetraenes with Transition Metal Compounds". Organotransition Metal Chemistry: A Mechanistic Approach. Academic Press. pp. 116–117. ISBN 9780323154703.

References

  1. ^ a b White, C.; Yates, A.; Maitlis, Peter M. (2007). "(η 5 -Pentamethylcyclopentadienyl)Rhodium and -Iridium Compounds". Inorganic Syntheses. Vol. 29. pp. 228–234. doi:10.1002/9780470132609.ch53. ISBN 9780470132609. {{cite book}}: |journal= ignored (help)
  2. ^ Paquette, Leo A.; Krow, Grant R. (1968). "Electrophilic Additions to Hexamethyldewarbenzene". Tetrahedron Lett. 9 (17): 2139–2142. doi:10.1016/S0040-4039(00)89761-0.
  3. ^ Paquette, Leo A.; Krow, Grant R. (1968). "Electrophilic Additions to Hexamethyldewarbenzene". Tetrahedron Lett. 9 (17): 2139–2142. doi:10.1016/S0040-4039(00)89761-0.
  4. ^ Criegee, Rudolf; Grüner, H. (1968). "Acid-catalyzed Rearrangements of Hexamethyl-prismane and Hexamethyl-Dewar-benzene". Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 7 (6): 467–468. doi:10.1002/anie.196804672.
  5. ^ a b Herrmann, Wolfgang A.; Zybill, Christian (1996). "Bis{(μ-chloro)[chloro(η-pentamethylcyclopentadienyl)rhodium]} — {Rh(μ-Cl)Cl[η-C5(CH3)5]}2". In Herrmann, Wolfgang A.; Salzer, Albrecht (eds.). Synthetic Methods of Organometallic and Inorganic Chemistry – Volume 1: Literature, Laboratory Techniques, and Common Starting Materials. Georg Thieme Verlag. pp. 148–149. ISBN 9783131791610.
  6. ^ a b Heck, Richard F. (1974). "Reactions of Dienes Trienes and Tetraenes with Transition Metal Compounds". Organotransition Metal Chemistry: A Mechanistic Approach. Academic Press. pp. 116–117. ISBN 9780323154703.
  7. ^ Herrmann, Wolfgang A.; Zybill, Christian (1996). "Dicarbonyl(η-pentamethylcyclopentadienyl)rhodium — Rh[η-C5(CH3)5](CO)2". In Herrmann, Wolfgang A.; Salzer, Albrecht (eds.). Synthetic Methods of Organometallic and Inorganic Chemistry – Volume 1: Literature, Laboratory Techniques, and Common Starting Materials. Georg Thieme Verlag. pp. 147–148. ISBN 9783131791610.
  8. ^ Herrmann, Wolfgang A.; Zybill, Christian (1996). "Dicarbonyl(η-pentamethylcyclopentadienyl)rhodium — Rh[η-C5(CH3)5](CO)2". In Herrmann, Wolfgang A.; Salzer, Albrecht (eds.). Synthetic Methods of Organometallic and Inorganic Chemistry – Volume 1: Literature, Laboratory Techniques, and Common Starting Materials. Georg Thieme Verlag. pp. 147–148. ISBN 9783131791610.
  • v
  • t
  • e
Rh(0)
Organorhodium(0) compounds
  • Rh4(CO)12
  • Rh6(CO)16
Rh(I)
  • RhCl(P(C6H5)3)3
Organorhodium(I) compounds
  • ((C2H4)2RhCl)2
  • ((C8H12)RhCl)2
  • ((C8H14)2RhCl)2
  • ((CO)2RhCl)2
  • HRh(P(C6H5)3)4
  • HRh(CO)(P(C6H5)3)3
Rh(II)
  • Rh2(CH3CO2)4
Organorhodium(II) compunds
  • Rh(C5H5)2
Rh(III)
  • RhBr3
  • Rh(C5H5N)4Cl3
  • RhCl3
  • Rh(ClO4)3
  • RhF3
  • Rh(OH)3
  • RhI3
  • Rh(NH3)5ClCl2
  • Rh(NO3)3
  • Rh2O3
  • Rh2S3
  • Rh2(SO4)3
  • YbRh2Si2
Organorhodium(III) compunds
  • ((CH3)5C5RhCl2)2
  • Rh(O2C5H7)3
    • Rh(IV)
    • RhO2
    • RhF4
    Rh(V)
    • RhF5
    • XeRhF6
    Rh(VI)
    • RhF6