Makolkol language
Extinct Papuan language
| Makolkol | |
|---|---|
| (unattested) | |
| Region | New Britain |
Native speakers | 7 in 1988. May still be alive (2016)[1] |
Language family | unclassified |
| Language codes | |
| ISO 639-3 | zmh |
| Glottolog | mako1250 |
| ELP | Makolkol |
Makolkol is a possible Papuan language formerly spoken on the Gazelle Peninsula of East New Britain Province on the island of New Britain, Papua New Guinea. Stebbins (2010) reports it is unattested.[2] Palmer (2018) treats it as unclassified.[3]
It is not known if it was related to the neighboring Baining languages.
Rosensteel (1988) contains a 174-word list of Makolkol.[4]
Sociolinguistic situation
Makolkol was spoken only in the village of Gunapeo. Speakers were shifting to Tok Pisin and Meramera.[5] Rosensteel (1988) reported that out of a total population of about 35 ethnic people, there were 7 elderly fluent speakers.[4]
References
- ^ Makolkol at Ethnologue (25th ed., 2022)
- ^ Dunn, Michael. 2012. Systematic typological comparison as a tool for investigating language history.
- ^ Palmer, Bill (2018). "Language families of the New Guinea Area". In Palmer, Bill (ed.). The Languages and Linguistics of the New Guinea Area: A Comprehensive Guide. The World of Linguistics. Vol. 4. Berlin: De Gruyter Mouton. pp. 1–20. ISBN 978-3-11-028642-7.
- ^ a b Rosensteel, Gary L. 1988. A sociolinguistic survey report on five Baining languages: Kairak, Makolkol, Mali, Simbali and Uramët. Unpublished manuscript. Ukarumpa: SIL.
- ^ Makolkol. Languages of Papua New Guinea. SIL International. (PDF).
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Papuan language families
(Palmer 2018 classification)
(Palmer 2018 classification)
subgroups
| Central Papua, Indonesia |
|
|---|---|
| Southeast Papua, Indonesia | |
| Southwest Papua New Guinea | |
| Central Papua New Guinea | |
| Papuan Peninsula |
families and isolates
families and isolates
families and isolates
families and isolates
families and isolates
| Torricelli subgroups | |
|---|---|
| Sepik subgroups | |
| Ramu subgroups |
|
families and isolates
families and isolates
isolate
- West Papuan
- Northwest Papuan
- South Pauwasi
- East Papuan
- Southeast Papuan
- Papuan Gulf
- Binanderean–Goilalan
- Arai–Samaia
- Asmat–Mombum
- Trans-Fly–Bulaka River
- Trans-Fly
- Dani–Kwerba
- East Bird's Head – Sentani
- Kwomtari–Fas
- Left May – Kwomtari
- Tor–Kwerba–Nimboran
- West Trans–New Guinea
- West Papuan Highlands
- Central and South New Guinea
- Central West New Guinea
- East New Guinea Highlands
- Yele – West New Britain
- Sepik–Ramu
- Indo-Pacific
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