Guiara

Genus of mammals belonging to the spiny rat family of rodents

Euryzygomatomys
E. spinosus (1826)
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Mammalia
Order: Rodentia
Family: Echimyidae
Subfamily: Euryzygomatomyinae
Genus: Euryzygomatomys
Goeldi 1901
Type species
Rattus spinosus
Species

Euryzygomatomys guiara
Euryzygomatomys spinosus

Euryzygomatomys is a genus of South American rodents, commonly called guiaras, in the family Echimyidae.[1] It contains two extant and one fossil species, found in Argentina, Brazil and Paraguay. They are as follows:

Etymology

The genus name Euryzygomatomys derives from the three Ancient Greek words εὐρύς (eurús, or eury), meaning "wide, or which extends in width", ζύγωμα or ζύγωματος (zúgōma, zúgōmatos), meaning "a part of the forehead, or the zygomatic bone", and μῦς (mûs), meaning "mouse, rat".[3][4]

Phylogeny

Euryzygomatomys is the sister genus to Clyomys. Both taxa are closely related to the genus Trinomys. In turn, these three genera — forming the clade of Euryzygomatomyinae — share phylogenetic affinities with a clade containing Carterodon and members of the family Capromyidae.

Analyses of craniodental characters proposed that Euryzygomatomys — and also Clyomys — may be associated with Carterodon.[5][6] However, molecular data suggest the polyphyly of this assemblage of fossorial genera.[7]

Genus-level cladogram of the Euryzygomatomyinae
with their relationship to Carterodon and Capromyidae.
  Octodontoidea  
Euryzygomatomyinae
         

  Trinomys (Atlantic spiny rats)

         

  Clyomys

  Euryzygomatomys (guiaras)

  Carterodon (Owl's spiny rat)

Capromyidae
  Plagiodontini  

  Plagiodontia

  Capromyini  

  Geocapromys

         
         

  Capromys (Desmarest's hutia)

         

  Mesocapromys

  Mysateles

Fossorial
genera
The cladogram has been reconstructed from mitochondrial and nuclear DNA characters.[8][9][10][11][12][7] According to this phylogenetic tree, the fossorial genera Euryzygomatomys, Clyomys, and Carterodon constitute a polyphyletic assemblage (red bar).

References

  1. ^ Woods, C.A.; Kilpatrick, C.W. (2005). "Genus Euryzygomatomys". In Wilson, D.E.; Reeder, D.M (eds.). Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3rd ed.). Johns Hopkins University Press. p. 1582. ISBN 978-0-8018-8221-0. OCLC 62265494.
  2. ^ Tarija at Fossilworks.org
  3. ^ Bailly, Anatole (1981-01-01). Abrégé du dictionnaire grec français. Paris: Hachette. ISBN 978-2010035289. OCLC 461974285.
  4. ^ Bailly, Anatole. "Greek-french dictionary online". www.tabularium.be. Retrieved 2017-01-24.
  5. ^ Carvalho, Guilherme A. S.; Salles, Leandro O. (2004-12-01). "Relationships among extant and fossil echimyids (Rodentia: Hystricognathi)". Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society. 142 (4): 445–477. doi:10.1111/j.1096-3642.2004.00150.x. ISSN 0024-4082.
  6. ^ Candela, Adriana M.; Rasia, Luciano L. (2012-02-01). "Tooth morphology of Echimyidae (Rodentia, Caviomorpha): homology assessments, fossils, and evolution". Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society. 164 (2): 451–480. doi:10.1111/j.1096-3642.2011.00762.x. hdl:11336/189033. ISSN 0024-4082.
  7. ^ a b Fabre, Pierre-Henri; Upham, Nathan S.; Emmons, Louise H.; Justy, Fabienne; Leite, Yuri L. R.; Loss, Ana Carolina; Orlando, Ludovic; Tilak, Marie-Ka; Patterson, Bruce D.; Douzery, Emmanuel J. P. (2017-03-01). "Mitogenomic Phylogeny, Diversification, and Biogeography of South American Spiny Rats". Molecular Biology and Evolution. 34 (3): 613–633. doi:10.1093/molbev/msw261. ISSN 0737-4038. PMID 28025278.
  8. ^ Galewski, Thomas; Mauffrey, Jean-François; Leite, Yuri L. R.; Patton, James L.; Douzery, Emmanuel J. P. (2005). "Ecomorphological diversification among South American spiny rats (Rodentia; Echimyidae): a phylogenetic and chronological approach". Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 34 (3): 601–615. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2004.11.015. PMID 15683932.
  9. ^ Upham, Nathan S.; Patterson, Bruce D. (2012). "Diversification and biogeography of the Neotropical caviomorph lineage Octodontoidea (Rodentia: Hystricognathi)". Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 63 (2): 417–429. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2012.01.020. PMID 22327013.
  10. ^ Fabre, Pierre-Henri; Galewski, Thomas; Tilak, Marie-ka; Douzery, Emmanuel J. P. (2013-03-01). "Diversification of South American spiny rats (Echimyidae): a multigene phylogenetic approach". Zoologica Scripta. 42 (2): 117–134. doi:10.1111/j.1463-6409.2012.00572.x. ISSN 1463-6409.
  11. ^ Fabre, Pierre-Henri; Vilstrup, Julia T.; Raghavan, Maanasa; Der Sarkissian, Clio; Willerslev, Eske; Douzery, Emmanuel J. P.; Orlando, Ludovic (2014-07-01). "Rodents of the Caribbean: origin and diversification of hutias unravelled by next-generation museomics". Biology Letters. 10 (7): 20140266. doi:10.1098/rsbl.2014.0266. ISSN 1744-9561. PMC 4126619. PMID 25115033.
  12. ^ Upham, Nathan S.; Patterson, Bruce D. (2015). "Evolution of Caviomorph rodents: a complete phylogeny and timetree for living genera". In Vassallo, Aldo Ivan; Antenucci, Daniel (eds.). Biology of caviomorph rodents: diversity and evolution. Buenos Aires: SAREM Series A, Mammalogical Research — Sociedad Argentina para el Estudio de los Mamíferos. pp. 63–120.
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Extant species of family Echimyidae (Spiny rats), including Myocastoridae (Coypus) and Capromyidae (Hutias)
Echimyinae
Echimyini
Dactylomys
  • Bolivian bamboo rat (D. boliviensis)
  • Amazon bamboo rat (D. dactylinus)
  • Montane bamboo rat (D. peruanus)
Diplomys
  • Colombian soft-furred spiny rat (D. caniceps)
  • Rufous soft-furred spiny rat (D. labilis)
Echimys
  • White-faced spiny tree-rat (E. chrysurus)
  • Dark spiny tree-rat (E. saturnus)
  • Vieira's spiny tree-rat (E. vieirai)
Isothrix
  • I. barbarabrownae
  • Yellow-crowned brush-tailed rat (I. bistriata)
  • Rio Negro brush-tailed rat (I. negrensis)
  • Plain brush-tailed rat (I. pagurus)
  • Sinnamary brush-tailed rat (I. sinnamariensis)
Kannabateomys
  • Atlantic bamboo rat (K. amblyonyx)
Lonchothrix
  • Tuft-tailed spiny tree-rat (L. emiliae)
Makalata
  • Red-nosed armored tree-rat (M. didelphoides)
  • Long-tailed armored tree-rat (M. macrura)
  • Dark armored tree-rat (M. obscura)
  • Peruvian armored tree-rat (M. rhipidura)
Mesomys
  • Ferreira's spiny tree-rat (M. hispidus)
  • Woolly-headed spiny tree-rat (M. leniceps)
  • Tufted-tailed spiny tree-rat (M. occultus)
  • Pará spiny tree-rat (M. stimulax)
Olallamys
  • White-tailed olalla rat (O. albicauda)
  • Greedy olalla rat (O. edax)
Pattonomys
  • Bare-tailed armored tree-rat (P. occasius)
  • Speckled spiny tree-rat (P. semivillosus)
Phyllomys
  • Golden Atlantic tree-rat (P. blainvillii)
  • Orange-brown Atlantic tree-rat (P. brasiliensis)
  • Drab Atlantic tree-rat (P. dasythrix)
  • Kerr's Atlantic tree-rat (P. kerri)
  • Pallid Atlantic tree-rat (P. lamarum)
  • Lund's Atlantic tree-rat (P. lundi)
  • Mantiqueira Atlantic tree-rat (P. mantiqueirensis)
  • Long-furred Atlantic tree-rat (P. medius)
  • Blacked-spined Atlantic tree-rat (P. nigrispinus)
  • Rusty-sided Atlantic tree-rat (P. pattoni)
  • Southern Atlantic tree-rat (P. sulinus)
  • Giant Atlantic tree-rat (P. thomasi)
  • Short-furred Atlantic tree-rat (P. unicolor)
Santamartamys
  • Red-crested tree-rat (S. rufodorsalis)
Toromys
  • Giant tree-rat (T. grandis)
Myocastorini
Callistomys
  • Painted tree-rat (C. pictus)
Hoplomys
  • Armored rat (H. gymnurus)
Myocastor
  • Nutria (M. coypus)
Proechimys
group canicollis
  • Colombian spiny rat (P. canicollis)
group decumanus
  • Pacific spiny rat (P. decumanus)
group echinothrix
  • Stiff-spine spiny rat (P. echinothrix)
group gardneri
  • Gardner's spiny rat (P. gardneri)
  • Kulina spiny rat (P. kulinae)
  • Patton's spiny rat (P. pattoni)
group goeldii
  • Goeldi's spiny rat (P. goeldii)
  • Napo spiny rat (P. quadruplicatus)
  • Steere's spiny rat (P. steerei)
group guyannensis
  • Guyenne spiny rat (P. guyannensis)
  • Roberto's spiny rat (P. roberti)
group longicaudatus
  • Short-tailed spiny rat (P. brevicauda)
  • Cuvier's spiny rat (P. cuvieri)
  • Long-tailed spiny rat (P. longicaudatus)
group semispinosus
  • O'Connell's spiny rat (P. oconnelli)
  • Tome's spiny rat (P. semispinosus)
group simonsi
  • Simon's spiny rat (P. simonsi)
group trinitatus
  • Trinidad spiny rat (P. trinitatus)
  • Boyacá spiny rat (P. chrysaeolus)
  • Guaira spiny rat (P. guairae)
  • Guyanan spiny rat (P. hoplomyoides)
  • Magdalena spiny rat (P. magdalenae)
  • Minca spiny rat (P. mincae)
  • Gray-footed spiny rat (P. poliopus)
  • Sucre spiny rat (P. urichi)
Thrichomys
  • Common punaré (T. apereoides)
  • Foster's punaré (T. fosteri)
  • Highlands punaré (T. inermis)
  • Sao Lourenço punaré (T. laurentius)
  • Paraguayan punaré (T. pachyurus)
Euryzygomatomyinae
—
Clyomys
  • Broad-headed spiny rat (C. laticeps)
Euryzygomatomys
  • Brandt's guiara (E. guiara)
  • Fischer's guiara (E. spinosus)
Trinomys
  • White-spined Atlantic spiny rat (T. albispinus)
  • Soft-spined Atlantic spiny rat (T. dimidiatus)
  • Elias's Atlantic spiny rat (T. eliasi)
  • Gracile Atlantic spiny rat (T. gratiosus)
  • Ihering's Atlantic spiny rat (T. iheringi)
  • Dark-caped Atlantic spiny rat (T. mirapitanga)
  • Moojen's Atlantic spiny rat (T. moojeni)
  • Mouse-tailed Atlantic spiny rat (T. myosuros)
  • Spiked Atlantic spiny rat (T. paratus)
  • Hairy Atlantic spiny rat (T. setosus)
  • Yonenaga's Atlantic spiny rat (T. yonenagae)
Incertae sedis
—
Carterodon
  • Owl's spiny rat (C. sulcidens)
Capromyinae
Capromyini
Capromys
  • Desmarest's hutia (C. pilorides)
Geocapromys
  • Jamaican coney (G. brownii)
  • Bahamian hutia (G. ingrahami)
Mesocapromys
  • Cabrera's hutia (M. angelcabrerai)
  • Eared hutia (M. auritus)
  • Black-tailed hutia (M. melanurus)
  • Dwarf hutia (M. nanus)
  • San Felipe hutia (M. sanfelipensis)
Mysateles
  • Garrido's hutia (M. garridoi)
  • Isla De La Juventud tree hutia (M. meridionalis)
  • Prehensile-tailed hutia (M. prehensilis)
Plagiodontini
Plagiodontia
  • Hispaniolan hutia (P. aedium)
Taxon identifiers
Euryzygomatomys


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