Escomb

Ceremonial countyRegionCountryEnglandSovereign stateUnited KingdomPost townBishop AucklandPostcode districtDL14Dialling code01388PoliceDurhamFireCounty Durham and DarlingtonAmbulanceNorth East UK Parliament 54°39′58″N 1°42′29″W / 54.666°N 1.708°W / 54.666; -1.708

Escomb is a village and former civil parish on the River Wear about 1+1⁄2 miles (2.4 km) west of Bishop Auckland, in the County Durham district, in the ceremonial county of Durham, England. In 2001 it had a population of 358.^[1] In 2011 the ward had a population of 3323.^[2]

Etymology

The name Escomb is of Old English origin. The name derived from the element edisc ("enclosures, enclosed park"), giving the name a meaning of "(place) at the enclosures".^[3]

Parish churches

Escomb Church was built in the 7th or 8th century AD^[4] when the area was part of the Anglian Kingdom of Northumbria, and has been called "England's earliest complete church".^[5] The building includes long-and-short quoins^[4] characteristic of Anglo-Saxon architecture, and re-used Roman masonry from Binchester Roman Fort.^[6]

Until the 19th century Escomb was a dependent chapelry of Bishop Auckland.^[7] In 1848 a vicarage was built at the top of the hill and Rev. Henry Atkinson became Escomb's first resident vicar for centuries.^[8]

The Anglo-Saxon church seated only 65 people, and in the 19th century Escomb's population outgrew it. In 1863 a new parish church, St John's, was completed next to the vicarage.^[6]

Thereafter the old church repeatedly fell into disrepair. It was restored in 1875–80 by RJ Johnson, again in 1927, and again in 1965 by Sir Albert Richardson.^[8]

In the 20th century church attendance declined and became too small for St John's. In 1969 the Anglo-Saxon church reverted to being the parish church, and in 1971 St John's was demolished.^[8]

Economic history

The George Pit coal mine was sunk in 1837, and an ironworks was opened at Witton Park in 1846.^[8]

In 1843 the Bishop Auckland and Weardale Railway was opened between Shildon Junction and Crook to take coal from the area.^[9] It passes Escomb but its nearest stop was Etherley railway station, which had been opened by 1847.^[9] The line was worked initially by the Stockton and Darlington Railway,^[9] through which it became part of the North Eastern Railway in 1863.

WC Stobart & Co's Etherley Colliery was Escomb's major employer from the middle of the 19th century until the seams of its pits became exhausted in the 1920s.^[10] The 1851 Census recorded 1,293 inhabitants of Escomb, most of whom worked at the pit.^[11]

British Rail closed the Bishop Auckland and Weardale line to passenger traffic in 1965 and to freight traffic in 1993.^[9] The Weardale Railway reopened the section past Escomb and through Etherley shortly thereafter.

Civil parish

On 1 April 1937 the parish was abolished and merged with Bishop Auckland and West Auckland, part also went to form Crook and Willington.^[12] In 1931 the parish had a population of 3248.^[13]

See also

• Escomb Bridge
• Northman of Escomb, involved in the transfer of Escomb to St Cuthbert's of Lindisfarne (later Durham Cathedral) in the 10th century
• Combe

Amenities

Escomb has a public house, the Saxon Inn, that was built in the 17th century.^[14]

The village has a primary school.^[15]

References

Sources

• Blair, Peter Hunter (1977) [1956]. An Introduction to Anglo-Saxon England (Second ed.). Cambridge & London: Cambridge University Press. pp. 157–158. ISBN 0-521-29219-0.
• Jenkins, Simon (1999). England's Thousand Best Churches. London: Penguin Books. pp. 170–172. ISBN 978-0-14-103930-5.
• Lewis, Samuel, ed. (1931) [1848]. A Topographical Dictionary of England (Seventh ed.). London: Samuel Lewis. pp. 181–186.

External links

Media related to Escomb at Wikimedia Commons