Conspicuous Leadership Star
Conspicuous Leadership Star | |
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Type | Military decoration for bravery |
Awarded for | Distinguished conduct and exceptional combat leadership |
Country | ![]() ![]() |
Presented by | the President |
Eligibility | Umkhonto we Sizwe cadres |
Post-nominals | CLS |
Campaign(s) | The "struggle" |
Status | Discontinued in 2003 |
Established | 1996 |
![]() Ribbon bar | |
MK 1996 & SANDF post-2002 orders of wear | |
Next (higher) | MK precedence: SANDF precedence:
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Next (lower) | MK succession: SANDF succession: |
The Conspicuous Leadership Star, post-nominal letters CLS, was instituted by the President of the Republic of South Africa in April 1996. It was awarded to veteran cadres of Umkhonto we Sizwe, the military wing of the African National Congress, who have distinguished themselves during the "struggle" by distinguished conduct and exceptional combat leadership.[1][2]
Umkhonto we Sizwe
Umkhonto we Sizwe, abbreviated as MK, Zulu for "Spear of the Nation", was the para-military wing of the African National Congress (ANC). It was established on 16 December 1961 to wage an armed "struggle" against the Nationalist government inside South Africa. On 27 April 1994, Umkhonto we Sizwe was amalgamated with six other military forces into the South African National Defence Force (SANDF).[1][3][4]
Institution
The Conspicuous Leadership Star, post-nominal letters CLS, was instituted by the President of South Africa in April 1996. It is the junior award of a set of three decorations for bravery, along with the Star for Bravery in Gold and the Star for Bravery in Silver.[1][2][5]
Umkhonto we Sizwe's military decorations and medals were modeled on those of the South African Defence Force and these three decorations are the approximate equivalents of, respectively, the Honoris Crux Gold, the Honoris Crux (1975) and the Pro Virtute Decoration.[5]
Award criteria
The decoration could be awarded to veteran cadres of Umkhonto we Sizwe who have distinguished themselves during the "struggle" by distinguished conduct and exceptional combat leadership.[1][5]
Order of wear
The position of the Conspicuous Leadership Star in the official military and national orders of precedence was revised upon the institution of a new set of honours on 27 April 2003, but it remained unchanged.[5][6]
- Umkhonto we Sizwe
- Official MK order of precedence:
- Preceded by the Star for Bravery in Silver (SBS).
- Succeeded by the Decoration for Merit in Gold (DMG).[5]
- South African National Defence Force until 26 April 2003
- Official SANDF order of precedence:
- Preceded by the Pro Merito Decoration (PMD) of the Republic of South Africa.
- Succeeded by the Star for Conspicuous Leadership (SCL) of the Azanian People's Liberation Army.[5]
- Official national order of precedence:
- Preceded by the Pro Merito Decoration (PMD) of the Republic of South Africa.
- Succeeded by the Star for Conspicuous Leadership (SCL) of the Azanian People's Liberation Army.[5]
Description
- Obverse
The Conspicuous Leadership Star is a five-pointed star, struck in bronze, to fit inside a circle with a diameter of 38 millimetres, displaying a bronze lion on a ruby red enameled centre roundel.[1][7]
- Ribbon
The ribbon is 32 millimetres wide and red, with two 6 millimetres wide brown bands in the centre, spaced 4 millimetres apart.[1][7]
Discontinuation
Conferment of the Conspicuous Leadership Star was discontinued upon the institution of a new set of honours on 27 April 2003.[6]
References
- ^ a b c d e f South African Medal Website - Liberation armies (Accessed 30 April 2015)
- ^ a b South African Medal Website - Post-nominal Letters (Accessed 28 April 2015)
- ^ "Manifesto of Umkhonto we Sizwe". African National Congress. 16 December 1961. Archived from the original on 17 December 2006. Retrieved 2006-12-30.
- ^ Warrant of the President of the Republic of South Africa for the Institution of the "UNITAS MEDAL-UNITAS-MEDALJE", Gazette no. 16087 dated 25 November 1994.
- ^ a b c d e f g Republic of South Africa Government Gazette Vol. 477, no. 27376, Pretoria, 11 March 2005, OCLC 72827981
- ^ a b Presidential Warrant by the President of the Republic of South Africa for the Institution of Honours for Bravery in the South African National Defence Force, Gazette no. 25213 dated 25 July 2003.
- ^ a b Uniform: SA Army: Former Forces Medals - Umkhonto Wesizwe (MK)
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Pre-Union
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Victoria Cross
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1952–1994
Honoris Crux Gold
Star of South Africa, Gold
Star of South Africa, Silver
Star of South Africa (1952)
Louw Wepener Decoration
Honoris Crux (1952)
Honoris Crux Silver
Van Riebeeck Decoration
Honoris Crux (1975)
Pro Virtute Decoration
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Pro Merito Decoration
Van Riebeeck Medal
Louw Wepener Medal
Ad Astra Decoration
Army Cross
Air Force Cross
Navy Cross
Medical Service Cross
Southern Cross Medal (1952)
Pro Merito Medal (1967)
Southern Cross Medal (1975)
Pro Merito Medal (1975)
Danie Theron Medal
Jack Hindon Medal
Military Merit Medal
Korea Medal
Pro Patria Medal
Southern Africa Medal
General Service Medal (South Africa)
Queen Elizabeth II Coronation Medal
Medal for Distinguished Conduct and Loyal Service
Good Service Medal, Gold
John Chard Decoration
De Wet Decoration
Cadet Corps Medal
Good Service Medal, Silver
Union Medal
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John Chard Medal
Good Service Medal, Bronze
De Wet Medal
Queen's Medal for Champion Shots in the Military Forces
Commandant General's Medal
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Transkei
Cross for Bravery
Transkei Defence Force Medal
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Military Rule Medal
Faithful Service Medal
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Bophuthatswana
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Nkwe Medal
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State President's Medal for Shooting
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Venda
Gallantry Cross, Gold
Gallantry Cross, Silver
Distinguished Service Medal, Gold
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Ciskei
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Umkhonto
we Sizwe
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Azanian People's
Liberation Army
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From 1994